Ibikoresho byibyuma, nkibikoresho byingenzi byinganda zigezweho no kubungabunga buri munsi, bisaba ibintu byinshi byo guhuza ibikoresho hamwe nubuhanga bwo gutunganya. Gukomatanya ibikoresho byuma byibanze cyane cyane muguhitamo ibikoresho byicyuma, ibipimo bivanze, uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, hamwe nubuhanga bwo kuvura hejuru kugirango ibikoresho bigire imbaraga nyinshi, kwambara birwanya, no kuramba. Iyi ngingo izaganira ku buryo burambuye uburyo bukuru bwa synthesis hamwe nintambwe zingenzi zikoreshwa mubikoresho byuma.
1. Guhitamo Ibikoresho Byuma no Kwitegura
Synthesis yibikoresho byibyuma ahanini biterwa no guhitamo ibikoresho byibanze. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikoresho birimo ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bivanze, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, hamwe n’ibyuma bidafite - (nk'umuringa, aluminium, hamwe na alloys). Ibyuma bya karubone, kubera igiciro cyayo gito kandi byoroshye gutunganya, bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho nka wrenches na screwdrivers. Birakomeye cyane, wambare - ibyuma birwanya ibyuma (nka chrome - ibyuma bya vanadium hamwe nicyuma kinini - ibyuma byihuta) bikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho biremereye - nkibikoresho bya drill hamwe na blade.
Mbere ya synthesis, ibikoresho byicyuma mubisanzwe bigenda mbere yo gushonga, harimo gushonga, guta, no guhimba mbere. Mugihe cyo gushonga, igipimo cyibintu nka karubone, manganese, na chromium bigomba kugenzurwa cyane kugirango ibikoresho byifashishwa. Nyuma yo gutara, fagitire yicyuma ihimbwa cyangwa ikazunguruka kugirango itunganyirize imiterere yimbere kandi itezimbere imbaraga nubukomere.
2. Uburyo bwo Kuvura Ubushyuhe
Kuvanga ni intambwe yingenzi mugutezimbere imikorere yibikoresho byuma. Kurugero, kongeramo ibintu nka chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), na molybdenum (Mo) mubyuma bya karubone byongera cyane ubukana bwayo, kurwanya ruswa, hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Ibyuma - byihuta (nka W18Cr4V), kubera gushyiramo tungsten (W), chromium (Cr), na vanadium (V), birakwiriye gukora ibikoresho byo hejuru byihuta -.
Kuvura ubushyuhe nintambwe yibanze mugukora ibikoresho byuma kandi cyane cyane harimo kuzimya, kurakara, no gufatira hamwe. Kuzimya byongera ubukana bwibikoresho binyuze mu gukonjesha byihuse, ariko ibi birashobora kongera ubukana, bisaba ubushyuhe bukurikira kugirango uburinganire bukomeye nubukomere. Annealing igabanya ubukana bwibikoresho kandi itezimbere imikorere yayo. Kurugero, ibikoresho - ibikoresho byuma bya karubone mubisanzwe bigenda bizimya nubushyuhe buke - nyuma yubushyuhe nyuma yo gukora kugirango bigerweho neza.
3. Gushiraho no Gutunganya Ikoranabuhanga
Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gukora ibikoresho byibyuma birimo guhimba, guta, kashe, no gutunganya. Guhimba birakwiriye gukora ibikoresho byo hejuru - ibikoresho byingufu (nk'inyundo na pliers). Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru - gutunganya ubushyuhe butunganya ingano yicyuma kandi butezimbere imashini. Gukina bikoreshwa mubikoresho bifite imiterere igoye (nk'imigozi imwe n'imwe), ariko akenshi bisaba ko byakorwa nyuma kugirango tunonosore neza.
Imashini (nko guhindukira, gusya, no gusya) nintambwe yingenzi mukurangiza ibikoresho byuma. Kurugero, guca inkombe ya biti bisaba gusya neza kugirango urebe neza kandi biramba. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya CNC ituma habaho gukora neza ibikoresho hamwe na geometrike igoye (nka wrenches itomoye hamwe na screw - zidasanzwe).
4. Gutunganya Ubuso hamwe nubuhanga bwo gutwikira
Tekinoroji yo kuvura isura ningirakamaro mu kuzamura imyambarire, kurwanya ruswa, hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho byuma. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura burimo amashanyarazi (nka galvanizing na chromium plaque), karburizing, na nitriding. Amashanyarazi akora urwego rurinda igikoresho kugirango yirinde ingese, mugihe carburizing na nitriding byongera ubukana bwubutaka hakoreshejwe imiti yubushyuhe.
Mu myaka yashize, tekinoroji yo gutwikira (nka TiN na TiAlN yambarwa) yakoreshejwe cyane mubikoresho byuma bya -. Iyi myenda ya superhard irashobora kunoza cyane imikorere yo gukata ibikoresho no kwambara, kwagura ibikoresho byubuzima. Kurugero, bits ya drill bits ikubye inshuro nyinshi mugukora ibyuma kuruta ibyuma bisanzwe.
5. Umwanzuro
Synthesis yibikoresho byibyuma ninzira zinyuranye zirimo ibikoresho siyanse, tekinoroji yo gutunganya ubushyuhe, gutunganya, hamwe nubuhanga bwubutaka. Binyuze mu guhitamo ibikoresho bifatika, gushushanya, gushushanya neza, hamwe nubuhanga buhanitse bwo kuvura hejuru, imikorere - hamwe nibikoresho byizewe cyane birashobora gukorwa. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya (nka powder metallurgie yo hejuru - ibyuma byihuta hamwe nibikoresho bikomatanya) hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ubwenge, uburyo bwo guhuza ibikoresho by’ibikoresho bizarushaho kunozwa kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa n’inganda zisumbuye.
